Abstract拙訳: POSITIVITY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE SATISFACTION JUDGMENTS: GLOBAL HAPPINESS IS NOT THE SUM OF ITS PARTS

ED DIENER, CHRISTIE K. NAPA SCOLLON, SHIGEHIRO OISHI, VIVIAN DZOKOTO and EUNKOOK MARK SUH

ポジティブ性と生活満足判断の構築　−総幸福は個々の合算ではない−

昨今の調査により、「どれだけ個別領域vs全般的領域の満足感のレポートが、SWBレポートにおけるポジティブ性傾向の評価に用いられうるか」が明らかになった。41グループの大学生(7167名)が生活満足と個別側面・全般的側面の評価についての測定を実施した。たとえば、参加者は教育についての満足度（全般）、教授、テキスト、講義についての満足度（個別）について評価をおこなった。生活全般に関する測定は個々のポジティブ性（つまり、生活をよいものと捉える一般的な傾向）の違いを強く繁栄する。という仮説が得られた。個人レベルでも国家レベルでも、ポジティブ性は客観的測定を超えて生活満足を示していた。ポジティブ性は理想的な生活満足についての基準とも関連付けられた。（ポジティブな感情を高く評価する国や個人がポジティブ性をよりよく示す）
生活満足についての「よりメタな測定」と「より厳密な測定」の差分は、ポジティブ性の間接的かつ繊細な測定において用いられうる。

原文（「Journal of Happiness Studies」Vol.1）
ED DIENER, CHRISTIE K. NAPA SCOLLON, SHIGEHIRO OISHI, VIVIAN DZOKOTO and EUNKOOK MARK SUH

POSITIVITY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE SATISFACTION JUDGMENTS: GLOBAL HAPPINESS IS NOT THE SUM OF ITS PARTS

ABSTRACT. The present study investigated how reports of satisfaction with specific versus global domains can be used to assess a disposition towards positivity in subjective well-being reports. College students from 41 societies (N=7,167) completed measures of life satisfaction and ratings of global and specific aspects of their lives. For example, participants rated satisfaction with their education (global) and satisfaction with their professors, textbooks, and lectures (specific). It was hypothesized that global measures would more strongly reflect individual differences in dispositional positivity, that is, a propensity to evaluate aspects of life in general as good. At both the individual and national levels, positivity predicted life satisfaction beyond objective measures. Also, positivity was associated with norms about ideal life satisfaction such that countries and individuals who highly valued positive emotions were more likely to display positivity. The difference between more global versus more concrete measures of satisfaction can be used as an indirect and subtle measure of positivity.
KEYWORDS: life satisfaction, positivity, happiness, subjective well-being, culture, positive affect, norms.